The authors used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, examining a group of 5,124 individuals free of diabetes at the start and followed up between the years 2000 and 2012.
Information on healthy food and physical activity resources came from:
Geographic information system-based measures of access to healthy food stores and access to recreational facilities
Survey information about the availability of healthy foods, the walking environment and the social environment for safety and social cohesion.
Researcher Paul Christine of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor worked with coauthors on the longitudinal prospective study.
Of 5,124 participants, 616, or 12%, developed type 2 diabetes, and these new cases were more likely to be found in black or Hispanic people, those with lower income, fewer years of education, less healthy diets, lower levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity, a higher BMI or a family history of diabetes.
After accounting for a number of patient-related factors, a lower risk for developing type 2 diabetes was associated with greater cumulative exposure to healthy food and - with a bigger effect - resources for physical activity in the neighborhood.
The authors conclude: "Our results suggest that modifying specific features of neighborhood environments, including increasing the availability of healthy foods and physical activity resources, may help to mitigate the risk for type 2 diabetes although additional intervention studies with measures of multiple neighborhood features are needed.
"Such approaches may be especially important for addressing disparities in T2DM given the concentration of low-income and minority populations in neighborhoods with fewer health-promoting resources."
Source : http://www.medicalnewstoday.com
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